{"id":7092,"date":"2017-02-08T12:02:32","date_gmt":"2017-02-08T09:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/?p=7092"},"modified":"2017-02-08T12:02:32","modified_gmt":"2017-02-08T09:02:32","slug":"marwa-t-abdel-wareth-rafat-t-abdel-wahed-aea-scholars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/?p=7092","title":{"rendered":"(Marwa T.A. Abdel-Wareth *, Rafat T. Abdel-Wahed (AEA-Scholars"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: center;\"><strong>Marwa T.A. Abdel-Wareth *, Rafat T. Abdel-Wahed\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr; text-align: center;\">Association of Egyptian-American Scholars<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><strong><u>Abstract:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">The presence of fungi in water systems represents threat to human health. Hydrogen peroxide is known for its disinfecting properties and easy decomposition to water and oxygen. It was reported that its activity can be enhanced by the addition of iron as a catalyst, a reagent known as Fenton&#8217;s reagent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Purpose. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different Fenton concentrations on the spores of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum at different time intervals. Besides, evaluating the toxicity of the most effective concentrations on Biomphalaria alexandria snails as biondicators of toxicity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><strong><u>Methods<\/u><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Low, moderate and high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide alone and Fenton reagent were prepared, each concentration was added to spore suspensions of each fungal species. Then, treated spores were inoculated into Potato Dextrose broth media at different time intervals (0, 30, 60, and 90 min), incubated at 28 \u00baC for 7 days to allow spores germination and fungal growth. Mycelial dry weight was then determined, then mycelial mats were homogenized to determine the activities of both catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Adult Biomphalaria alexandria snails were exposed to the most effective Fenton concentrations. Recovery took place after 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of exposure. The snails in each treatment were allowed to thrive for 24 hours, and then their soft parts were withdrawn and homogenized to determine the activities of CAT and SOD.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><strong><u>Results:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">The results indicated that complete inactivation of spores was noticed after 60 min of exposure to both 2% and 3% H2O2 catalyzed by 0.025 g Fe2+\/ 100 mL for A. niger, and 3% H2O2 catalyzed by 0.075 g Fe2+\/100 mL for P. citrinum. The activities of CAT and SOD were either highly increased or reached their minimum values prior to spores inactivation. These effective antifungal Fenton concentrations caused less harm to Biomphalaria alexandria snails, as only 20% mortality of snails was recorded after 60 min of exposure. Also the activities of CAT and SOD in snails&#8217; tissues fluctuated without pronounced enhancement or inhibition as compared to control.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><strong><u>Conclusions:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Comparing high, low and moderate Fenton concentrations revealed that the role of ferrous as a catalyst was obvious at moderate concentrations. The effect of Fenton&#8217;s reagent was more pronounced on Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum. Antifungal concentrations were shown to be safe for B. alexandria snails, As only 20% mortality was observed after 60 min of exposure. Moreover, Although Fenton&#8217;s reagent adversely affected the activities of SOD and CAT enzymes in mycelial biomasses as compared with non-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide and control groups; its effect on the same enzymes in snails was not that vigorous, especially in case of CAT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">This article was published in <a href=\"http:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/\">3alamaltanmya<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">sponsored by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mahafouad.net\/%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87\">Future Builders International Academy<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Led by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mahafouad.net\/%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%81%d8%a4%d8%a7%d8%af\/\">Dr.Maha Fouad<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"tie-appear alignleft\" style=\"direction: ltr;\" src=\"http:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/e5f2ef68-75e1-4678-9ffc-3479da505483-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"e5f2ef68-75e1-4678-9ffc-3479da505483\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marwa T.A. Abdel-Wareth *, Rafat T. Abdel-Wahed\u00a0 Association of Egyptian-American Scholars Abstract: The presence of fungi in water systems represents threat to human health. Hydrogen peroxide is known for its disinfecting properties and easy decomposition to water and oxygen. It was reported that its activity can be enhanced by the addition of iron as a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7095,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11953],"tags":[14523,14787,14788,14527,14789,14790,14529,14791,14792],"class_list":["post-7092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11953","tag-3alamaltanmya","tag-cat","tag-enzymes","tag-fbia","tag-fenton-concentrations","tag-fungi","tag-future-builders-international-academy","tag-human-health","tag-sod"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>(Marwa T.A. Abdel-Wareth *, Rafat T. 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