\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637, \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631, \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 Discrimination and Generalization:
\n
\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643, \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0645, \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b, \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647, \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647, \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a, \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a, \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631, \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647.
\n
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a, \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639, \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.
\n
\n\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u061f
\n
\n\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646:
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0648\u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627, \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b, \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632, \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.
\n
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629, \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.
\n
\n\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632, \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647. \u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f ” \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 ” \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a ” \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644, \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644, \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636, \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u2013 \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631, \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n
\n\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632, \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0642\u0629, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632, \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647, \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f ” \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a ” \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.
\n
\n\u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645, \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627, \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644, \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.
\n
\n\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629, \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627, \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647, \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b, \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645, \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629, \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629, \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. ( Huston, 1976 ).
\n
\n\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (Gutman and Kalish, 1956).
\n
\n\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645, \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644, \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627, \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629, \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647, \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 ( Hulse et al,1975). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637, \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646.
\n
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 ( Marholin and Steinman,1977), \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627, \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647, \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f, \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0646… \u0627\u0644\u062e. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628, \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 .
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 Shaping:
\n
\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629, \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632, \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632, \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632, \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627, \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0628\u0634\u0629, \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0631… \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d.
\n
\n
\n
\n\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a… \u0625\u0644\u062e.
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u00a0\u00a0 Chaining:
\n
\n\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.
\n
\n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0635\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0633\u0644\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646, \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646, \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645, \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647, \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647, \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b.
\n
\n\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645:
\n
\n1) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f
\n
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.
\n
\n\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a ) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\n
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0643\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642.
\n
\n2) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647
\n
\n\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.
\n
\n3) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628
\n
\n\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644:
\n
\n4) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631.
\n
\n5) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f
\n
\n\u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627.
\n
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0631:
\n
\n\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647, \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0631 ( 1990 ) \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643, \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 Cognitive Science \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.
\n
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a, \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
\n
\n\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a ) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 Cognitive Map \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627.
\n
\n\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629, \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 ) \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639.
\n
\n\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Predisposition \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a.
\n
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a.
\n
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 Acetylcholine \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 Dopamine \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.
\n
\n\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646:
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0633 Hippocampus \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 Acetylcholine \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0633 Hippocampus \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628.
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 “. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 Dopamine \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627 Amygdala \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 Dopamine \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a.
\n
\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639.
\n
\n\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 >>> \u0625\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>
\n\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629
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\n\u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f<\/a>\u201d \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a
\n![\"e5f2ef68-75e1-4678-9ffc-3479da505483\"](\"http:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/e5f2ef68-75e1-4678-9ffc-3479da505483-300x177.jpg\")
\n#\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644
\n#\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629_\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644
\n#\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629_\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0646 John Broadus Watson (1878\u2013 1958)\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11244],"tags":[12963,12435,12964,12586,12965],"class_list":["post-3204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11244","tag-12963","tag-12435","tag-12964","tag-12586","tag-12965"],"yoast_head":"\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 - \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0646 John Broadus Watson (1878\u2013 1958)\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643. \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/?p=3204\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 - 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