{"id":3178,"date":"2017-01-05T12:53:01","date_gmt":"2017-01-05T09:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/?p=3178"},"modified":"2017-01-05T12:53:01","modified_gmt":"2017-01-05T09:53:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-classica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/?p=3178","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a Classical Conditioning )"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n 
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\n <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
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       <\/p>\n

        \n
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        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641\u00a0\u00a0 Ivan Pavlov (1849\u20131936 ) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.
        \n 
        \n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a, \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628, \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 .
        \n 
        \n\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d ” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a ” Classical Conditioning, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b, \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628, \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 .
        \n 
        \n\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f” \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 “.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.
        \n 
        \n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 ( \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.
        \n 
        \n\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645
        \n 
        \n\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Ivan Pavlov ( 1849 \u2013 1936 )
        \n 
        \n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1900\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 ) \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628.
        \n 
        \n\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.
        \n 
        \n 
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ( R\u00e9flexes conditionnelles ).
        \n 
        \n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 . \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 R\u00e9flexes conditionnelles) .
        \n 
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        \n 
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        \n 
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        \n 
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        \n 
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        \n 
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        \n 
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        \n 
        \n 
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628).
        \n 
        \n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627.
        \n 
        \n\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:
        \n 
        \n\u06451 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ( \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 ).\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ( \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 )\u0633 1
        \n 
        \n\u06452 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ( \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 ). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639) \u0633 2
        \n 
        \n\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 ) + \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a( \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 ) + \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
        \n 
        \n\u06451+\u06452 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u06331+\u06332 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u06452\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u06331.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 ( \u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 ) \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628.
        \n 
        \n\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644, \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628, \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.
        \n 
        \n\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629, \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u064a:
        \n <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 , \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d. \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

             <\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ) \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ), \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645, \u0641\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629, \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0639, \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

               
              \n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ).
              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
              \n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644, \u0646\u0639\u0645, \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 ( \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 ( \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.
              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
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              \n 
              \n 
              \n\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a, \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a .
              \n 
              \n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628:
              \n 
              \n\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a.
              \n 
              \n\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647, \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a, \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645, \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.
              \n 
              \n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a.
              \n 
              \n\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 ( Spooner and Kellogg, 1947 ) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629, \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u0643\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642… \u0627\u0644\u062e \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b ( Noble and Adams, 1963 ) \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 ( Hall, 1976 ).
              \n 
              \n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631:
              \n 
              \n\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649, \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629, ( \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 ( Beek,1963 ) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639, \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637.
              \n 
              \n( Beek,1963; Grice and Hunter, 1964 )
              \n 
              \n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a:
              \n 
              \n\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a, \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b, \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a ( Nickollas and Kimble, 1964 ) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637, \u0643\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a, \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b, \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647.
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628:
              \n 
              \n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639.
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a Temporal Arrange \u2013 ment \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a.
              \n 
              \n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
              \n 
              \n1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644 Delayed Conditioning:
              \n 
              \n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.
              \n 
              \n2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 Trace Conditioning:
              \n 
              \n\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.
              \n 
              \n3- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 Simultaneous Conditioning:
              \n 
              \n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.
              \n 
              \n4- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a Backward Conditioning:
              \n 
              \n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a.
              \n 
              \n\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b.
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0,2 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 2 \u2013 0,2 ) \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 Generalization \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 Discrimination:
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u2013\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u2013 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647.
              \n 
              \n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645:
              \n <\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633. \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633. \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 ( \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                         
                        \n 
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633… \u0627\u0644\u062e, \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 ” \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0646 ” \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 Reinforcement:
                        \n 
                        \n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 Reinforcement:
                        \n 
                        \n\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629:
                        \n 
                        \n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645:
                        \n 
                        \n0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1
                        \n 
                        \n18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9
                        \n 
                        \n30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15
                        \n 
                        \n65\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 31
                        \n 
                        \n64\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 41
                        \n 
                        \n69\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 51
                        \n 
                        \n 
                        \n 
                        \n\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 51 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 ) Extinction
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 ) Extinction. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ) \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 ) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 ” \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647:
                        \n 
                        \n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 ) Extinction
                        \n 
                        \n\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629
                        \n 
                        \n13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12,7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1
                        \n 
                        \n7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12,10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2
                        \n 
                        \n5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12.13\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3
                        \n 
                        \n6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12,16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4
                        \n 
                        \n3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12.19\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5
                        \n 
                        \n2,5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12,22\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6
                        \n 
                        \n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12,25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7
                        \n 
                        \n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12,27\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8
                        \n 
                        \n\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.
                        \n 
                        \n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:
                        \n <\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                           <\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a: \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                             
                            \n\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a.
                            \n 
                            \n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644.
                            \n 
                            \n\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 ” G\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation “.
                            \n 
                            \n\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.
                            \n 
                            \n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a .
                            \n 
                            \n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
                            \n <\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                               <\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov ) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 ) \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                 <\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                   <\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647: \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645, \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                     <\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                       
                                      \n\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a:
                                      \n <\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                         <\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                           <\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                             <\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            1. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                               
                                              \n\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0647.
                                              \n <\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a, \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                 
                                                \n\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628.
                                                \n 
                                                \n\u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641.
                                                \n 
                                                \n 
                                                \n 
                                                \n\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.
                                                \n 
                                                \n\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641:
                                                \n 
                                                \n\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:
                                                \n <\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0641\u0626 \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                     <\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                       <\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      1. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645: \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                         
                                                        \n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0633.
                                                        \n 
                                                        \n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639.
                                                        \n <\/p>\n

                                                          \n
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                                                          \n 
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                                                          \n 
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                                                          \n 
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                                                          \n 
                                                          \n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
                                                          \n <\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                             
                                                            \n\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e \u0648\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.
                                                            \n <\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            1. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                               
                                                              \n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a.
                                                              \n <\/p>\n

                                                                \n
                                                              1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                 
                                                                \n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631 William Shakespeare ( 1564 \u2013 1616 ) ” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f ” \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a Contingency Theory \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f: \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649, \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ( \u0644\u062d\u0646 ) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ( \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 ) \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 Contingent \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b.
                                                                \n 
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                                                                \n\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a ) \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.
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                                                                \n\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d John Garcia ( 1960 ) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 Gracia effect. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0636\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645, \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 Garcia \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 Garcia, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647.
                                                                \n 
                                                                \n\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642:
                                                                \n <\/p>\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                1. \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                   <\/p>\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                     
                                                                    \n\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645, \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627.
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641 Pavlov \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647.
                                                                    \n 
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                                                                    \n 
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                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 ” \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f .
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ” \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 ” ( Marine Snail ) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628, \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.
                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a, \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a. (Westen,1996, p.184 ) .
                                                                    \n 
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                                                                    \n 
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                                                                    \n 
                                                                    \n\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 >>>\u00a0\u0625\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/p>\n

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                                                                    \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f<\/a>\u201d \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n

                                                                    #\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644
                                                                    \n#\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629_\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644
                                                                    \n#\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629_\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                    \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a Classical Conditioning \u061f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c, \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:   \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:   \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0646\u0647 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ) \u0622\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f ). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11244],"tags":[12949,12950,12189,11636,12951],"class_list":["post-3178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-11244","tag-12949","tag-12950","tag-12189","tag-11636","tag-12951"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a Classical Conditioning ) - \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0646\u0647 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a ) \u0622\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f ). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/3alamaltanmya.com\/?p=3178\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a Classical Conditioning ) - 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